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This document describes results from the 2020 global OHI assessment. This is mostly an internal document to explore and check results. It also creates the figures used on the website and in other documents.

Primary dataset

These data are the OHI scores for the eez regions of 220 countries and territories from 2012 to 2020.

Region 0 is the global average scores, which are calculated using an area-weighted average of the region scores (status, likely future state, and score).

OHI scores

Global summary

This section describes global patterns in index and goal scores. The overall global score was 71.78.

Alternative color scale

Average global performance of the 10 goals.

Flower plots for each region can be downloaded from here

Country summary

Country index scores for 2020. Maps describing goal and index scores can be downloaded from here.

Distribution of country index scores. The median index score among countries was 70.52.

The regions with index scores of 80 or greater are:

region_name Index
Howland Island and Baker Island 93.41
Heard and McDonald Islands 91.84
Germany 88.15
Kerguelen Islands 87.94
Jarvis Island 85.99
Jan Mayen 85.92
Greenland 85.86
Seychelles 84.72
Glorioso Islands 84.17
Saba 83.54
Estonia 83.35
Clipperton Island 83.02
Aruba 83.02
Norway 82.79
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 82.62
Ile Europa 82.30
United Arab Emirates 82.24
Norfolk Island 81.69
Netherlands 81.45
Madeira 80.71
Curacao 80.55
Northern Saint-Martin 80.49
Palmyra Atoll 80.21
Bahamas 80.15
Denmark 80.09
New Caledonia 80.03

The regions with index scores of 50 or less are:

region_name Index
Liberia 48.67
Libya 48.32
Nicaragua 48.06
Democratic Republic of the Congo 46.71
Sierra Leone 46.26
Ivory Coast 44.89

Country scores across scenario year

Carpet plot figure (download as high resolution png) providing an overview of the scores from the 2020 assessment. Each row represents a region, the main groupings represent goals, and within each goal there are 7 years of data. Black regions indicate no data.

Don’t try too hard to interpret the results for specific countries/goals/years!!

This plot is good for providing a quick overview of:

  • What is the range of scores?
  • Which goals tend to have high scores across most regions (species, habitat)
  • Which goals have a lot of variation across regions (tourism & recreation, lasting special places)
  • Which goals are volatile across years (natural products, tourism & recreation)

Data

This interactive table describes the index and goal scores for the regions in 2020 (or, download csv version):




A closer look at goals

This section takes a closer look at the goal/subgoal scores.

Scores

Goal/subgoal scores for the 2020 scenario.

Artisanal opportunities

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Norway 100.00
United Arab Emirates 100.00
Qatar 100.00
Cayman Islands 100.00
United States 100.00
Ireland 100.00
Singapore 100.00
Brunei 100.00
Denmark 99.98
Netherlands 99.96

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
191 Vanuatu 46.74
192 Benin 45.96
193 Comoro Islands 45.94
194 Solomon Islands 45.66
195 Cameroon 45.53
196 Guinea 44.95
197 Madagascar 44.44
198 Liberia 43.67
199 Mozambique 43.63
200 Togo 43.40

Species condition

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Romania 94.37
Northern Saint-Martin 94.07
Saba 92.92
Finland 92.37
Bulgaria 92.07
Estonia 92.00
Australia 91.89
Lithuania 91.49
Heard and McDonald Islands 91.46
Ukraine 91.26

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Montenegro 70.22
212 Italy 69.62
213 Israel 68.21
214 Malta 66.32
215 Cyprus 65.02
216 Syria 64.42
217 Algeria 64.29
218 Lebanon 64.12
219 Monaco 61.16
220 Libya 59.27

Habitat

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Pitcairn 100.00
Macquarie Island 100.00
British Indian Ocean Territory 99.99
Amsterdam Island and Saint Paul Island 99.98
Clipperton Island 99.95
Saba 99.94
Romania 99.93
Kerguelen Islands 99.90
Wallis and Futuna 99.88
Saint Pierre and Miquelon 99.87

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
209 Ivory Coast 62.81
210 Senegal 62.32
211 Sierra Leone 62.26
212 Dominica 61.54
213 Sint Eustatius 60.47
214 Belize 60.31
215 Iceland 55.50
216 Jan Mayen 43.48
217 Bosnia and Herzegovina 36.66
218 Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 36.12

Coastal protection

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Germany 100
Saba 100
Estonia 100
Clipperton Island 100
Netherlands 100
Denmark 100
Pitcairn 100
Belgium 100
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
160 Liberia 34.84
161 Ivory Coast 32.93
162 Sierra Leone 31.85
163 Guinea 31.38
164 Senegal 30.59
165 Guinea Bissau 30.41
166 Democratic Republic of the Congo 29.91
167 Nicaragua 29.75
168 Dominica 26.92
169 Belize 23.00

Carbon storage

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Germany 100
Seychelles 100
Saba 100
Estonia 100
Netherlands 100
Northern Saint-Martin 100
Denmark 100
Belgium 100
Puerto Rico and Virgin Islands of the United States 100
Morocco 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
139 Liberia 34.77
140 Senegal 33.76
141 Guinea 32.96
142 Sierra Leone 32.89
143 Ivory Coast 32.84
144 Guinea Bissau 30.66
145 Democratic Republic of the Congo 29.92
146 Barbados 27.01
147 Dominica 26.66
148 Nicaragua 9.72

Clean waters

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Heard and McDonald Islands 99.71
Falkland Islands 98.96
Bouvet Island 98.91
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 98.89
Kerguelen Islands 98.78
Jarvis Island 98.38
Macquarie Island 98.25
Howland Island and Baker Island 97.85
Phoenix Islands (Kiribati) 96.82
Crozet Islands 96.78

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Guatemala 31.97
212 Israel 30.24
213 India 29.48
214 Slovenia 28.41
215 Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 28.13
216 Nauru 24.24
217 Benin 23.91
218 Togo 21.44
219 Gibraltar 19.64
220 Monaco 19.61

Fisheries

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Crozet Islands 97.85
Pitcairn 97.35
Clipperton Island 96.05
French Polynesia 95.70
Tuvalu 95.00
Howland Island and Baker Island 94.85
Heard and McDonald Islands 92.90
Wallis and Futuna 91.20
Kerguelen Islands 89.95
Ascension 89.42

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 East Timor 16.18
212 South Korea 14.57
213 Ivory Coast 14.11
214 Cambodia 12.23
215 Vietnam 11.84
216 Myanmar 9.93
217 Haiti 9.70
218 Somalia 9.39
219 Bangladesh 9.03
220 North Korea 2.19

Mariculture

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Norway 100
Netherlands 100
Finland 100
Slovenia 100
South Korea 100
Taiwan 100
Spain 100
Bulgaria 100
China 100
Singapore 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
184 Guinea Bissau 0
185 Dominica 0
186 Guinea 0
187 Haiti 0
188 Syria 0
189 Liberia 0
190 Libya 0
191 Democratic Republic of the Congo 0
192 Sierra Leone 0
193 Ivory Coast 0

Iconic species

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Finland 96.15
Lithuania 95.83
Latvia 95.83
Poland 95.83
Estonia 95.45
Sweden 92.78
Denmark 92.50
Germany 91.99
Bouvet Island 90.00
Romania 89.41

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Bangladesh 54.60
212 Yemen 54.59
213 Micronesia 54.43
214 Tokelau 54.31
215 Sudan 54.29
216 Tuvalu 53.65
217 Vanuatu 53.30
218 Myanmar 52.42
219 Thailand 51.24
220 Cambodia 49.47

Lasting special places

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Howland Island and Baker Island 100
Heard and McDonald Islands 100
Germany 100
Kerguelen Islands 100
Jarvis Island 100
Jan Mayen 100
Glorioso Islands 100
Estonia 100
South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands 100
Ile Europa 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
211 Gilbert Islands (Kiribati) 0
212 Niue 0
213 Nauru 0
214 Iraq 0
215 Benin 0
216 Togo 0
217 Eritrea 0
218 Sudan 0
219 Syria 0
220 Libya 0

Natural products

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
East Timor 99.91
Norway 99.75
Peru 99.75
Jan Mayen 99.74
Curacao 99.67
Tuvalu 99.66
Aruba 99.18
Lithuania 99.08
Papua New Guinea 99.08
Venezuela 98.88

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
208 Marshall Islands 9.56
209 Singapore 7.61
210 Jamaica 6.69
211 Belize 5.78
212 Bonaire 4.01
213 Haiti 3.87
214 Colombia 2.83
215 Samoa 2.62
216 Suriname 0.57
217 Sint Maarten 0.02

Tourism and recreation

Scores

Top 10 performers

region_name score
Seychelles 100
Saba 100
Aruba 100
Curacao 100
Bahamas 100
Malta 100
New Zealand 100
Croatia 100
Greece 100
Saint Kitts and Nevis 100

Bottom 10 performers

region_name score
191 Benin 9.60
192 Republique du Congo 9.22
193 Nigeria 8.79
194 Sierra Leone 8.52
195 Libya 6.87
196 Gabon 5.54
197 Angola 5.25
198 Papua New Guinea 5.17
199 Yemen 4.02
200 Democratic Republic of the Congo 2.02

Other analyses

Comparing trend and average index scores

To obtain a more complete picture of which regions are doing well and which are doing poorly we compared the average index scores (averaged over 2012 to 2020) and the trends for each region.

Of most concern are regions that have poor scores and declining trends.

The following is an interactive plot (region names are visible when hovering over the points) showing the relationship between average index scores and trend. The horizontal line represents the 0 trend and the vertical line is the average of the average index scores.

Comparing assessment years

The following is a comparison of the global status scores generated for the 2018 scenario by this year’s assessment vs. last year’s assessment.

If the models and source data remain the same, these scores should be exactly the same. Differences indicate changes in methods or source data.

These changes do not reflect changes in actual system health!

long_goal future pressures resilience score status trend
Artisanal opportunities 0.2795500 -0.7234091 0.6182727 0.2913500 0.3034500 0.0006000
Biodiversity -1.6160909 NaN NaN -1.5689091 -1.5209091 -0.0075909
Carbon storage 0.2844595 -0.6195946 0.8354730 0.1429054 0.0000000 0.0000000
Clean water 0.2102727 -0.5459091 0.5459545 0.1048636 0.0000000 0.0000000
Coastal protection 0.4084431 -1.1328235 0.8761765 0.1099401 -0.1883234 0.0043624
Economies 0.1586765 -0.8421327 0.7292727 0.0798039 0.0000000 0.0000000
Fisheries (subgoal) 3.7761364 -1.2851364 0.1631364 3.7419545 3.7086364 -0.0259091
Food provision 3.6460000 NaN NaN 3.5747273 3.5039091 -0.0143182
Habitat (subgoal) -0.7960550 -0.5455505 0.3952294 -0.9003670 -1.0060092 -0.0029302
Iconic species (subgoal) -0.6326818 -0.6321818 0.1089545 -0.4937727 -0.3545000 -0.0105189
Index 2.1883636 NA NA 2.0191818 NA NA
Lasting special places (subgoal) 1.6946818 -0.5455000 0.5459545 1.5190909 1.3434545 0.0233636
Livelihoods 0.1550000 -0.7244076 0.5457273 0.0775000 0.0000000 0.0000000
Livelihoods & economies 0.1574510 NaN NaN 0.0788235 0.0000000 0.0000000
Mariculture (subgoal) 0.8727979 -0.5464545 0.5458182 0.7591710 0.6449223 0.0142487
Natural products 24.0657600 -1.6786154 -1.1022308 24.1636800 24.2623200 0.0549194
Sense of place 0.5310909 NaN NaN 0.5130909 0.4944091 0.0071364
Species condition (subgoal) -2.4336818 -0.9184545 0.6725455 -2.2353182 -2.0370909 -0.0140000
Tourism & recreation 1.6002000 -0.5460909 0.5459545 1.5140500 1.4278000 0.0442500

Country data

The following interactive plot provides an overview of how the 2019 scenario scores changed between the 2018 and 2020 assessments for all goals and dimensions.